India has a three-tiered judicial system comprising the Supreme Court, High Courts, and subordinate courts. The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land, and the judiciary is the guardian of the Constitution.
Hierarchy of Courts in India
1. Supreme Court of India:
The Supreme Court of India is the land’s highest court and the final court of appeal. It is located in New Delhi and consists of the Chief Justice of India and 33 other judges. The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court extends to the whole of India.
2. High Courts:
Each state in India has its own High Court, which is that state’s highest court. The High Courts have original and appellate jurisdiction. They hear appeals from subordinate courts and also have the power to issue writs.
3. Subordinate Courts:
Subordinate Courts are the lowest courts in the judicial system. They consist of district courts, session courts, and lower courts. They have original jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters.
Appointment of Judges in India
The appointment of judges in India is a complex and lengthy process that involves several steps. The process of appointment of judges is governed by the Constitution of India and the Judges (Appointments and Conditions of Service) Act, 1951. Here is a step-by-step guide to the appointment of judges in India:
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1. Recommendations by the High Court and Chief Justice of India:
The High Court recommends candidates for appointment as judges to the Chief Justice of India (CJI). The CJI also recommends candidates for appointment to the Supreme Court.
2. Formation of the Collegium:
The Collegium is a group of senior judges of the Supreme Court, which is responsible for the appointment of judges. The Collegium consists of the CJI and the four senior-most judges of the Supreme Court.
3. Screening and Evaluation:
The Collegium examines the recommendations and evaluates the suitability of the candidates. They consider factors like seniority, legal expertise, and integrity.
4. Consultation with the Government:
The Collegium consults with the government and seeks their opinion on the recommendations. However, the government has no veto power over the appointments.
5. Appointment by the President:
The President of India appoints the judges based on the recommendations of the Collegium.
Conclusion:
The Indian judiciary plays a vital role in upholding the rule of law and protecting the fundamental rights of citizens. The hierarchy of courts in India provides a robust framework for the resolution of disputes. The appointment of judges in India is a rigorous process that ensures that only the most competent and qualified candidates are appointed to the bench.
भारत में न्यायालयों का पदानुक्रम
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1. भारत का सर्वोच्च न्यायालय:
2. उच्च न्यायालय:
ी शक्ति भी रखते हैं।
3. अधीनस्थ न्यायालय:
भारत में न्यायाधीशों की नियुक्ति
1. उच्च न्यायालय और भारत के मुख्य न्यायाधीश की सिफारिशें:
2. कॉलेजियम का गठन:
3. स्क्रीनिंग और मूल्यांकन:
4. सरकार के साथ परामर्श:
5. राष्ट्रपति द्वारा नियुक्ति:
निष्कर्ष:
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